HARRISVILLE POND, WHARTON STATE FOREST, NEW JERSEY PINE BARRENS

Exploring the New Jersey Pine Barrens has been an ongoing adventure, and there are plenty of places to go. This one location was selected because a pamphlet that we picked up the last time we visited a New Jersey state park stated this lake was one of the most serene places in New Jersey.  A compelling description, enough of one to get us to remove the canoe from the basement and strap it onto the Subaru and drive the whole hour and a half from Philly to this exquisite lake situated in a very remote part of the State.

Harrisville Pond, wharton State Forest, New jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

We had some ideas about what to expect, being that we canoed the nearby Mullica River this time last year and found lots of Blooming Swamp Azaleas (Rhododendron viscosum) along the river.  We hoped to see this native Azalea in bloom this time around.

Sean Solomon,Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Sean Solomon,Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

Yes, that is indeed a 1959 Chevrolet Impala parked in the driveway next to the Subaru. That machine is very useful for our Time Travelling adventures, such as our summer visit to Wildwood New Jersey, as it was 1000 years ago and as it was in 1959! (both on the same trip-just gotta flip the switch)

Harrisville Pond, wharton State Forest, New jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

Once parked in the Parking area along the lake, getting the canoe in the water was effortless, and all of a sudden we were out there on the pond, having very little expectations except to see some blooming Swamp Azaleas and those gorgeous white flowers. We wondered about the grasses growing out of the water as seen in the first picture. We moved toward the shoreline at one point because we were attracted to the pink flowers of the Sheep-Laurel (Kalmia angustifolia) pictured above .  After several minutes of admiring the shrubs, we slowly proceeded along the coastline until something caught our attention. It was a plant that was so unique and odd-looking that it stuck out from the others in a crisp, defining way, jumping out of the plant-scape really, something so graphically distinct it had become a landmark botanical discovery for us on this fine day.  This Plant, which we had seen once before in cultivation, at the Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, in a setting very similar to the setting we have found ourselves in, we recognized instantly, and we were joyous at having un-expectantly found it on this pond-side shoreline in its natural ecosystem: The Pitcher Plant!

Sarracenia purpurea

Harrisville Pond, wharton State Forest, New jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

And the Pitcher Plant is even Blooming as well!  This was a magnificent sight! We had heard about these plants from the botanical enthusiasts we met at Shenks Ferry Wildflower Preserve and read about them in books; they have a legendary place in the botany of our region, and to find them for the first time while not even looking for them gave this experience  a revelatory quality, as if we were explorers with an eye for botany, but with few pre-conceptions or expectations.  This plant was now on the stage of our attention!

Harrisville Pond, wharton State Forest, New jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

Blooming!

Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

The whole plant, photographed to document its habit and size, its neighbors, the whole environment.

Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

And above the side view of the flower and below, the part of the plant that captures insects. In this stage, the plant has created a flower as well, to attract pollinating insects, so that it may exchange pollen with other Pitcher plants, assuring a diverse and healthy genetic make-up for its seeds, a necessary component of its survival.

The very idea of a carnivorous plant is intriguing indeed-usually it’s the other way around- carnivores eating plants for their survival, like us humans. In New Jersey, there are plants that eat meat, we can say.

Evolution of species, on the center stage!

Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

Growing alongside the Pitcher plant is the Cranberry, flowering. We were immediately reminded of the Shooting Star, (dodecatheon meadia) upon seeing the Cranberry flower.

Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

 

Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

Below, the Pitcher plant and its bounty of ants caught inside the leaf. The ants will be dissolved in a ‘soup’ of enzymes secreted by the plant and this nutrient-rich soup will sustain the plant in this nutrient-poor soil. Note the moss growing in association with the Pitcher plant. Also to be noted is the structures on the outer portion of the leaf.

Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

What a startling and magnificent discovery!

Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

This is the scene where we found the Pitcher Plants, growing in a very sunny location on the edge of Harrisville Pond. The canoe has proven to be a very useful tool in viewing interesting plants and habitats. The boat is big enough to store lots of food for a picnic, camera equipment, hats and pillows as well as provide an extra seat for guests!

Isabelle, Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Isabelle, Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

This Fragrant Water-Lily  (Nymphaea odorata)was blooming, captured by holding the camera at water’s level, almost touching the Lily Pad. We rowed across the pond and found a serene area of plants growing along the water’s edge. We discovered for the first time, new carnivorous plants!

 

Drosera intermedia, the Spatulate-leaved Sundew

The Sundew is another carnivorous plant that excretes dew-like drops of a sticky substance on them that attracts and holds insects. There are three Sundews in the New Jersey Pine Barrens, the Spatulate -leaved, the Round- leaved and the Thread- Leaved.  We found two, the Spatulate -leaved and the Thread leaved on this fine day and we are proud to show you our discoveries:

Above, the Spatulate-leaved Sundew, Drosera intermedia

Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

Above and below, the Thread-Leaved Sundew, Drosera Filiformis

Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

This day was none other than the botanical parade of interesting plants, one after the other after the other! The whole time we were ensconced in the pleasant, sweet aromas of the blooming Swamp Azaleas, growing in association with the odd and exciting carnivorous plants we were discovering on this banner day.

Not expecting them added a level of exoticism to our experience; there is something to be said for an educational path that is unique and creative, where discoveries are made in a fresh and independent way, such as ours this bright, late June day.  It does help to have a back-round in science and academic process-  the subject may be new, but the analysis of the sight gets us asking the right questions, and this is a great help in understanding this place. Scientific thinking is a great way to connect with a habitat-often there are species we already know and somewhat understand nearby, and this gives insight into this new habitat- in science, there are doors of knowledge that can lead us into uncharted territory, because nature is all connected together.

 

One thing always to remember about the Earth, it that it is super old as far as we are concerned, so old that it is very difficult to really comprehend the ongoing geological processes that change the planet. Trying to comprehend them is very rewarding. Every discipline connects to the others- Geology to Botany, for example, in just one plant, the Droseras of the New Jersey Pine Barrens-a sandy environment from the receding of the ocean, an old beach, imagine that- but a young and not very fertile habitat for certain plants, so such a place for carnivorous plants! Interesting how these plants ended up here given the geologic history of the place.

Visiting the Pine Barrens of New Jersey is like going to the shore of another era and seeing in real time what happens when the shore has receded away in time and what happens behind this natural geologic process-the crashing waves of the ocean are long gone and the new quiet of the new Jersey Pine Barrens emerges, along with whole new ecological systems.  Along the way, over thousands of years, the pitcher plants and the carnivorous Droseras, the Sundews, establish themselves on these quiet, inland and sandy once upon-a-time beaches!

Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

Above, looks to be Yellow Loosestrife, Lysimachia terrestris

Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

We left Harrisville Pond and headed up the Oswego River for more adventure in search of more Swamp Azaleas and unique discoveries. Great views were discovered along the way, often prompting us to stop rowing and letting the canoe drift a bit in the quiet waterway.

Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

And here we are with the Swamp Azaleas, blooming away, the Rhododendron viscosum, the shrub that attracted us to these sandy inland pond shores and rivers of the New Jersey Pine Barrens in the first place!  The sweet fragrance is magical, wafting through the air all along.

Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

Our first ever and only experience with this magnificent shrub is as a garden specimen we purchased several years ago, which blooms every year in our yard, filling it with it’s sweet scent. This specimen was purchased at Redbud, Native Plant Nursery.  For us, to experience one blooming in nature is our goal and pleasure!

We still have a few exotic, cultivated  Azaleas in our yard, old specimens that came with the property, and bloom brightly for about a week. They do not have the fragrant aroma of these native ones, nor do they have the cachet of authentic locality that these indigenous beauties bring to our yard.

On this topic, growing the same plants that grow in the natural areas nearby in our own garden is a great pleasure and experience, as well as an interesting challenge: can our yard be as natural as the nature around us? Enough to support these natural plants which have been here for thousands of years?

Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

Also, isnt it really amazing that we can grow this shrub as an ornamental part of our front yard, enjoy its visual and olfactory qualities, and be satisfied with it as a garden plant, and contribute to the natural ecosystem, providing nectar for the insects which in turn feed the birds that depend on them for survival?  In a way, our adventure in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey is really a deeper look into our own garden.

Wharton State Forest, Oswego River, New Jersey, www.thesanguineroot.com
Wharton State Forest, Oswego River, New Jersey, www.thesanguineroot.com

We continued up the Oswego River and stopped at a beach.

Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

We ended up changing a tire for some unfortunate Pineys stuck on a dirt road near the Beach.

Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

We turned back around and headed for the Pond, and this time we hugged the eastern shore, and made a fantastic discovery of Orchids blooming in the late afternoon sun, their delicate petals luminous in the fading light.

Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

The Rose Pogonia, (Pogonia ophioglossoides)

Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

 

Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

Lastly, on the drive out of the Park, we discovered the blooming Sweet-Bay Magnolia along the side of the road, another bloomer with a very pleasant fragrance!

Sean Solomon,Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com
Sean Solomon,Harrisville Pond, Wharton State Forest, New Jersey Pine Barrens, www.thesanguineroot.com

NORCROSS WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Sanguine Root staff visits New England

Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, Wales, Massachusetts
Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, Wales, Massachusetts

A New England forest in the summertime is full of ferns and the scent of Hay-scented fern.  Oak and Chestnut trees, White pine, Skunk cabbage and Mountain Laurel thickets.  This is the childhood forest landscape of Sanguine Root Staff Writer Sean Solomon. The next door neighbor to the Solomon family’s forty acres of forest is the Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, six-thousand acres of forest.  Norcross has educated generations of school-children and their parents alike about the natural world right at their doorsteps. In the summer of 1987, Sean was employed by the sanctuary, a job that carries fond memories. This past July, we visited Norcross.

Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, Wales, Massachusetts

Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, Wales, Massachusetts

Norcross is The place to learn about the native ferns.  Our host, Leslie Duthie, has a greenhouse on site where the propagation of ferns is ongoing.  She brought us to the garden areas where native plants are grown and propagated.  For us native plant enthusiasts, this place is amazing!  It is a museum of  native plants. Like the Louvre in Paris, this museum cannot be fully viewed in just one day.

Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, Wales, Massachusetts
Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, Wales, Massachusetts

 

Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, Wales, Massachusetts
Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, Wales, Massachusetts

The pitcher plant first sends up a flower.  After it is done flowering and being pollinated, the plant then sends up an insect-trapping structure. This part of the plant  comes after the flower, which is pollinated by insects, because it would be a conflict of interest to consume the insects needed for pollination. Not a good idea to eat your pollinator!

Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, Wales, Massachusetts
Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, Wales, Massachusetts

When the flower is done being pollinated, this structure is then put in place.

 Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, Wales, Massachusetts
Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, Wales, Massachusetts

Podophyllum peltatum

Our studies of various species have highlighted regional variations, as well as variations within a population or region.  The Mayapples pictured above are much taller than the ones that grow in and around Philadelphia.  The leaves are smaller, however.  Our hypothesis is that these New Englanders have adapted to greater snowfall and snow remaining longer even when they are ready to grow.  So over the thousands of years, the Mayapples with the tallest stems survived, and now New England Mayapples are taller. The added stem height  means that the leaf size gets trimmed down.  This year, our first  and proudest Mayapple viewing was in Florida back in February, in an area where there are only a few populations of the species for the entire state.  Finding this patch of Mayapples in Massachusetts at the end of July was a pleasant surprise.

Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, Wales, Massachusetts
Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, Wales, Massachusetts

Here is a patch of Rhododendron maximum. This was a good point for a serious discussion about an ongoing problem in the sanctuary. The greenery of the shrub stops at a distinct point, about 5 feet from the ground.  Below this point there is very little green, except a few ferns.  It was explained to us that  this used to be a lush area, full of herbaceous plants.  All along the ground were flowering trilliums that covered the hillside.  There used to be seedlings and saplings of forest trees such as Oaks and Maples.

As it turns out the distinct line of the Rhododendron is called the “browse-line”.  Most plants below the browse line of White-tailed Deer are now extirpated from the area.  Biologists visited the area and have estimated that this forest may never again recover from this imbalanced ecosystem.  So many species of plants have been eliminated from the forest by the over-browsing of deer, that the area is now past the tipping-point of its prior state. These plants played a vital role in the health and sustenance of the wildlife in the sanctuary by hosting species-specific native insects that were vital as a food source for birds and small mammals in the forest.  This in turn is threatening the larger mammals, such as foxes, for example.

The remaining trilliums and associated wildflowers found in the area were removed in a last-minute effort to save them.  They are now growing in a fenced-in area near the greenhouse, where they can be sustained indefinitely. This is a crucial move, and if successful, will be what saves the local populations of these species and their unique genetic composition that is matched and married to just this very forest after thousands of years of evolution.

The explosion of the population of  the native white-tailed deer is a symptom of a disturbed ecosystem. A significant component of the ecosystem of healthy deer is the  presence of the mountain lion which has been extirpated from many a forest.  There was a time when the numbers of Deer were very low from over-hunting and habitat loss, and the Sanctuary served to protect them.

Even a native species can become invasive and destructive if there is enough of a break-down in ecological conditions. In many situations, individuals of this species suffer physically from hunger and malnutrition, conditions which are inhumane.  As these conditions of desperation and suffering persist with the animal, whole colonies of plant  species necessary for the survival of a forest are decimated.

Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, Wales, Massachusetts
Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, Wales, Massachusetts

Rhexia virginica

This is also called Meadow-beauty.  Note the urn-shaped seed-pod. This is a stunning patch of very pretty native July and August blooming native wildflowers.

Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, Wales, Massachusetts
Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary, Wales, Massachusetts

Every saturday, the crew was instructed to inspect the roads in the sanctuary and to remove debris, fallen branches, etc.  Inevitably this would involve an inspection of this look-out area.  Just behind us, Leslie has been engaging work crews to help her remove Japanese Barberry, a problematic invasive in New England.  This is that thorny shrub with red berries often seen on the islands of parking lots and gas stations built in the 1970s and 80s.  This is just one part of the efforts to remove invasives from the Sanctuary.  Asiatic bittersweet removal is also an ongoing operation here.

What a great place to work, and Sanguine Root staffer Sean Solomon is a proud former employee!